1. High sensitivity, as light is an electromagnetic wave with extremely short wavelengths, its optical length can be obtained through the phase of light. Taking fiber optic interferometers as an example, due to the small diameter of the fiber used, its optical length will change when subjected to small mechanical external forces or temperature changes, resulting in significant phase changes. Assuming a 10 meter optical fiber is used, a change of 1 ℃ causes a phase change of 1000ard. If the minimum phase change that can be detected is 0.01ard, then the minimum temperature change that can be measured is l0 ℃, indicating its high sensitivity.
2. Fiber optic sensors have characteristics such as resistance to electromagnetic interference, electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, and intrinsic safety, and can be used in harsh environments. Due to the fact that fiber optic sensors use light waves to transmit information, and fiber optic is an electrically insulated, corrosion-resistant transmission medium that is safe and reliable, it can be conveniently and effectively used in various large electromechanical, petrochemical, mining and other harsh environments with strong electromagnetic interference and flammable and explosive properties.
3. The measurement speed is fast, the propagation speed of light is the fastest, and it can transmit two-dimensional information, so it can be used for high-speed measurement. The analysis of radar and other signals requires a very high detection rate, which is difficult to achieve using electronic methods. High speed spectral analysis using the diffraction phenomenon of light can solve this problem.
4. The information capacity is large, and the measured signal is carried by light waves, which have extremely high frequencies and can accommodate a wide frequency band. The same optical fiber can transmit multiple signals.
5. Fiber optic sensors also have the characteristics of light weight, small size, flexibility, wide range of measurement objects, good reusability, and low cost.
